Markeing Managment Essay Example

Markeing Managment Paper Showcasing Management Knowledge and Skills Tenth Edition J. Paul Peter University of Wisconsin-Madison James H. Donnelly, Jr. /University of Kentucky Me Graw Hill McGraw-Hill Irwin Contents SECTION 1 ESSENTIALS OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT 1 Processing of Research Data 3 7 Preparation of the Research Report 38 Limitations of the Research Process 38 Marketing Information Systems Conclusion 41 40 PART An INTRODUCTION 3 Chapter 3 Consumer Behavior 42 Chapter 1 Strategic Planning and the Marketing Management Process 4 The Marketing Concept 4 What Is Marketing? What Is Strategic Planning? Social Influences on Consumer Decision Making 43 Culture and Subculture 43 Social Class 44 Reference Groups and Families 6 45 6 Strategic Planning and Marketing Management The Strategic Planning Process 7 The Complete Strategic Plan 16 Marketing Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 Product Influences 45 Price Influences 45 Promotion Influences 46 Place Influences 46 20 The Marketing Management Process 16 Circumstance Analysis 16 * Marketing Planning 19 Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan Marketing Information Systems and Marketing Research 21 Situational Influences on Consumer Decision Making 47 Psychological Influences on Consumer Decision Making 47 Product Knowledge 47 Product Involvement 48 The Strategic Plan, The Marketing Plan, and Other Functional Area Plans 21 Marketings Role in Cross-Functional Strategic Planning 21 Consumer Decision Making Need Recognition 49 †¢ Alternative Search 50 Alternative Evaluation 51 Purchase Decision 51 Postpurchase Evaluation 52 48 Conclusion 22 Appendix Portfolio Models 25 PART B MARKETING INFORMATION, RESEARCH, AND UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKET 29 Chapter 2 Marketing Research: Process and Systems for Decision Making 30 The Role of Marketing Research 30 The Marketing Research Process 31 Purpose of the Research 31 Plan of the Research 32 Performance of the Research 37 xii Conclusion 54 Chapter 4 Business, Government, and Institutional Buying 55 Classifications of Organizational Buyers Producers 55 Intermediaries 56 Government Agencies 56 Other Institutions 56 55 The Organizational Buying Process 56 Purchase-Type Influences on Organizational Buying 57 Straight Rebuy 57 Contents Modified Rebuy 57 New Task Purchase 5 7 xiii Structural Influences on Organizational Buying Purchasing Roles 58 Organization-Specific Factors 59 Purchasing Policies and Procedures 59 58 Chapter 7 New Product Planning and Development 98 New Product Strategy 99 New Product Planning and Development Process 101 We will compose a custom article test on Markeing Managment explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Markeing Managment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Markeing Managment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Conduct Influences on Organizational Buying Personal Motivations Role Perceptions 60 Stages in the Organizational Buying Process Organizational Need 63 Vendor Analysis 63 Purchase Activities 63 Postpurchase Evaluation 63 62 Idea Generation 101 Idea Screening 103 Project Planning 104 Product Development 105 Test Marketing 105 Commercialization 106 The Importance of Time 106 Some Important New Product Decisions Quality Level 107 Product Features 108 Product Design 108 Product Safety 109 107 Conclusion 65 Part 5 Market Segmentation 66 Delineate the Firms Current Situation 66 Determine Consumer Needs and Wants 67 Divide Markets on Relevant Dimensions 67 A Priori versus Post Hoc Segmentation 68 Relevance of Segmentation Dimensions 68 Bases for Segmentation 69 Causes of New Product Failure Needfor Research 109 Conclusion 111 Develop Product Positioning 75 Decide Segmentation Strategy 76 Design Marketing Mix Strategy 77 Conclusion 78 Chapter 8 Integrated Marketing Communications Strategic Goals of Marketing Communication Make Awareness 112 Build Positive Images 112 Identify Prospects 112 Build Channel Relationships Retain Customers 113 112 PARTC THE MARKETING MIX 79 Chapter 6 Product and Brand Strategy Basic Issues in Product Management Product Definition 80 Product Classification 81 Product Quality and Value 82 Product Mix and Product Line 83 Branding and Brand Equity 84 Packaging 88 113 The Promotion Mix 113 Integrated Marketing Communications 114 Advertising: Planning and Strategy 116 80 Objectives ofAdvertising 116 Advertising Decisions 16 The Expenditure Question 117 The Allocation Question 120 Sales Promotion 124 Product Life Cycle The Product Audit 90 93 Push versus Pull Marketing 124 Trade Sales Promotions 125 Consumer Promotions 126 What Sales Promotion Can and Cant Do 126 Product Adoption and Diffusion 93 95 Deletions 93 Product Improvement Organizing for Product Management Conclusion 97 95 Public Relations 128 Direct Marketing 128 Conclusion 129 Appendix Major Federal Agencies Involved in Control of Advertising 131 xiv Contents Chapter 9 Individual Selling, Relationship Building, and Sales Management 132 Importance of Personal Selling 132 The Sales Process 133 Objectives of the Sales Force 133 The Sales Relationship-Building Process 134 People Who Support the Sales Force 140 Managing the Sales and Relationship-Building Process 141 The Sales Management Task 141 Controlling the Sales Force 142 Motivating and Compensating Performance 146 Conclusion 146 Estimate Costs and Other Price Limitations 170 Analyze Profit Potential 171 Set Initial Price Structure 171 Change Price varying 172 Conclusion 172 PARTD MARKETING IN SPECIAL FIELDS 173 Chapter 12 The Marketing of Services 174 Important Characteristics of Services 176 Intangibility 176 Inseparability 177 Perishability and Fluctuating Demand 178 Client Relationship 178 Customer Effort 179 Uniformity 180 Providing Quality Services 180 Customer Satisfaction Measurement 182 The Importance of Internal Marketing 182 Overcoming the Obstacles in Service Marketing Limited View of Marketing 184 Limited Competition 184 Noncreative Management 185 No Obsolescence 185 The Service Challenge 186 Banking 186 Health Care 186 Insurance 187 Travel 187 Implications for Service Marketers 188 Conclusion 189 Section 10 Distribution Strategy 148 The Need for Marketing Intermediaries 148 Classification of Marketing Intermediaries and Functions 148 Channels of Distribution 150 Selecting Channels of Distribution 151 Specific Considerations 151 Managing a Channel of Distribution 154 Relationship Marketing in Channels 154 Vertical Marketing Systems 154 Wholesaling 157 Store and Nonstore Retailing 15 8 Store Retailing 158 Nonstore Retailing 159 Conclusion 162 184 Chapter 11 Pricing Strategy 63 Demand Influences on Pricing Decisions 163 Demographic Factors 163 Psychological Factors 163 Price Elasticity 164 Supply Influences on Pricing Decisions 165 Pricing Objectives 165 Cost Considerations in Pricing 165 Product Considerations in Pricing 167 Environmental Influences on Pricing Decisions Competition 168 Government Regulations 168 A General Pricing Model 169 Set Pricing Objectives 169 Evaluate Product-Price Relationships 169 Chapter 13 Global Marketing 190 The Competitive Advantage of Nations 191 Organizing for Global Marketing 192 Problems with Entering Foreign Markets 192 Organizing the Multinational Company 195 Programming for Global Marketing 197 Global Marketing Research 197 Global Product Strategy 200 Global Distribution Strategy 200 Global Pricing Strategy 201 Global Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy 201 Entry and Growth Strategies for Global Marketing 202 Conclusion 205 168 Contents xv SECTION 2 ANALYZING MARKETING PROBLEMS AND CASES 207 A Case Analysis Framework 208 1. Break down and Record the Current Situation 209 2. Break down and Record Problems and Their Core Elements 213 3. Plan, Evaluate, and Record Alternative Courses ofAction 214 4. Select and Record the Chosen Alternative and Implementation Details 215 Pitfalls to Avoid in Case Analysis 215 Communicating Case Analyses 218 The Written Report 218 The Oral Presentation 220 Conclusion 220 Exercise 7 238 Pricing Issues on the Internet 238 Exercise 8 238 Selecting the Internet as a Distribution Channel 238 Exercise 9 239 Internet Advertising 239 Exercise 10 239 The Adaptation of Services to the Internet 239 Exercise 11 240 Marketing Communications Techniques in the Internet Age 240 Web SOURCES OF MARKETING INFORMATION 241 Charles Heath: Eastern Kentucky University Corporate Web Sites 242 Search Engines and Directories 242 Government Sites 243 Business Publications 243 Newspapers 244 National Papers 244 Large City Papers 244 International Papers 245 Regional Papers 245 General Business Sites 245 Internet Marketing Reference Sites 246 Compilation Sites 246 SECTION 3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING DECISIONS 221 Financial Analysis 222 Break-Even Analysis 222 Net Present Value Analysis 224 Ratio Analysis 226 Conclusion 230 Segment 4 INTERNET EXERCISES AND SOURCES OF MARKETING INFORMATION 231 PART An INTERNET EXERCISES 233 Charles Heath: Eastern Kentucky University Exercise 1 234 Corporate Web Sites 234 Exercise 2 234 Online versus Offline Retail Experiences 234 Exercise 3 235 Consumer Decision-Making Process 235 Exercise 4 236 Discovering Product Assortments Online 236 Exercise 5 236 Brand Equity on the Internet 236 Exercise 6 237 The Impact of Communities on Marketing 237 5 MARKETING MANAGEMENT CASES 247 MARKET OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS 249 Case! McDonalds Corporation 250 I Paul Peter and Ashish Gokhale: University of Wisconsin-Madison Case 2 Southwest Airlines 2008 257 Andrew C. Inkpen: Thunderbird School of Global Management xvi Contents Case 3 South Delaware Coors, Inc. CASE GROUPC 271 PROMOTION STRATEGY 373 James E. Nelson and Eric J. Karson: University of Colorado Case 4 Ruths Chris: The High Stakes of International Expansion 280 Allen H. Kupetz and lion Alon: University of Western Ont

Birthright Citizenship in the United States

Claim Citizenship in the United States Claim citizenship in the United States is the legitimate rule that any individual conceived on U.S. soil consequently and promptly turns into a U.S. resident. It diverges from U.S. citizenship got through naturalization or procurement citizenship conceded by goodness of being brought into the world abroad to at any rate one U.S. resident parent. A â€Å"birthright† is characterized as any privilege or benefit to which an individual is entitled by excellence of birth. Since quite a while ago tested in both the courtrooms and popular sentiment, the strategy of claim citizenship remains profoundly disputable today, especially when applied to youngsters destined to undocumented worker guardians. Key Takeaways: Birthright Citizenship Claim citizenship is the legitimate rule that any individual conceived on U.S. soil consequently turns into a resident of the United States.Birthright citizenship was built up in1868 by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and affirmed by the US Supreme Court in the 1898 instance of United States v. Wong Kim Ark.Birthright citizenship is conceded to people conceived in the 50 U.S. states and the U.S. domains of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.Today, bequest citizenship is a profoundly dubious issue as it applies to kids destined to guardians who have entered the United States unlawfully. Jus Soli and Jus Sanguinis Citizenship Claim citizenship depends on the guideline of â€Å"jus soli,† a Latin expression meaning â€Å"right of the soil.† According to jus soli, a person’s citizenship is controlled by their place of birth. As in the United States, jus soli is the most widely recognized methods by which citizenship is procured. Jus Soli is as opposed to â€Å"jus sanguinis,† meaning â€Å"right of the blood,† the rule that a person’s citizenship is resolved or gained by the nationality of one or the two guardians. In the United States, citizenship can be procured by either jus soli, or less generally, by jus sanguinis.â Lawful Basis of US Birthright Citizenship In the United States, the approach of claim citizenship is situated in the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, expressing â€Å"[a]ll people conceived or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the ward thereof, are residents of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.† Ratified in 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was established to supersede the 1857 U.S. Incomparable Court’s Dred Scott v. Sandford choice which had denied citizenship to previous African American slaves. In the 1898 instance of United States v. Wong Kim Ark, the U.S. Incomparable Court affirmed that under the Fourteenth Amendment, full U.S. citizenship can't be denied to any individual conceived inside the United States, paying little heed to the citizenship status of the guardians at that point. Under the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, inheritance citizenship is comparatively allowed to any individual conceived in the United States to an individual from an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other native clan. Under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, U.S. jus soli bequest citizenship, as set up by the Fourteenth Amendment, is naturally conceded to any individual conceived inside any of the 50 states and the domains of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. What's more, jus sanguinis bequest citizenship is conceded (with certain special cases) to people destined to U.S. residents while in other countries.â The above rules and resulting authoritative changes are arranged and systematized into the United States Code of Federal Laws at 8 U.S.C.  § 1401 to characterize who turns into a United States resident during childbirth. As indicated by government law, the accompanying people will be esteemed U.S. residents during childbirth: An individual conceived in the United States, and subject to the purview thereof.A individual conceived in the United States to an individual from an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other native tribe.A individual conceived in a peripheral ownership of the United States of guardians one of whom is a resident of the United States who has been truly present in the United States or one of its remote belongings for a constant time of one year whenever preceding the introduction of such person.A individual of obscure parentage found in the United States while younger than five years, until appeared, before his achieving the age of twenty-one years, not to have been conceived in the United States. The Birthright Citizenship Debate While the legitimate idea of bequest citizenship has withstood long periods of difficulties in the official courtrooms, its arrangement of consequently conceding U.S. citizenship to offspring of undocumented outsiders has not fared too in the court of general sentiment. For instance, a 2015 Pew Research Center study found that 53% of Republicans, 23% of Democrats, and 42% of Americans generally speaking kindness changing the Constitution to bar citizenship for kids conceived in the U.S. to undocumented settler guardians. Numerous rivals of claim citizenship contend that it urges hopeful guardians to go to the U.S. just to conceive an offspring so as to improve their own odds of achieving lawful inhabitant (green card) status-a training frequently called â€Å"birth tourism.† According to a Pew Hispanic Center examination of Census Bureau information, an expected 340,000 of the 4.3 million infants conceived in the United States in 2008 were destined to â€Å"unauthorized immigrants.† The Pew concentrate further gauges that an aggregate of around 4,000,000 American-conceived offspring of unapproved migrant guardians lived in the U.S. in 2009, alongside about 1.1 million remote conceived offspring of unapproved worker guardians. Dubiously considering it the â€Å"anchor baby† circumstance, a few administrators have recommended enactment to change how and when bequest citizenship is conceded. The 2015 Pew examination found that inheritance citizenship was allowed to around 275,000 children destined to undocumented outsider guardians in 2014, or about 7% of all births in the U.S. that year. That number speaks to a drop from the pinnacle year of unlawful migration in 2006 when around 370,000 kids about 9% of all births-were destined to undocumented outsiders. Moreover, about 90% of undocumented settlers who conceive an offspring in the U.S. have lived in the nation for over two years before conceiving an offspring. On October 30, 2018, President Donald Trump heightened the discussion by expressing that he proposed to give an official request totally evacuating the privilege of citizenship to individuals conceived in the U.S. to outside nationals under any conditions a demonstration some contend would basically revoke the Fourteenth Amendment. The president set no timetable for his proposed request, so bequest citizenship-as set up by the Fourteenth Amendment and United States v. Wong Kim Ark-remains the rule that everyone must follow. Different Countries With Birthright Citizenship As per the free, non-fanatic Center for Immigration Studies, the United States alongside Canada and 37 different nations, the vast majority of which are in the Western Hemisphere, offer to a great extent unlimited jus soli inheritance citizenship. No Western Europe nations offer unlimited claim citizenship to all youngsters conceived inside their outskirts. Throughout the most recent decade, numerous nations, including France, New Zealand, and Australia, have deserted bequest citizenship. In 2005, Ireland turned into the last nation in the European Union to cancel inheritance citizenship. Sources and Further Reference Arthur, Andrew R. (November 5, 2018). Claim Citizenship: An Overview. Place for Immigration Studies.Smith, Rogers M. (2009). Claim Citizenship and the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and 2008. College of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law.Lee, Margaret (May 12, 2006). U.S. Citizenship of Persons Born in the United States to Alien Parents. Congressional Research Service.Da Silva, Chantal. (October 30, 2018). Trump Says He Plans to Sign Executive Order to Terminate Birthright Citizenship. CNN.

We Made the World Were Living In, and We Have to Make It Over

We Made the World We’re Living In, and We Have to Make It Over Yesterday, Friday, was my third day working at the Atlantic. I graduated a little over a month ago, moved to Washington, D.C. a week ago, and started the fellowship on Wednesday. The city is lush, green, unfamiliar. The air is heavy with humidity and heads and hearts, this week, are heavier. I spent yesterday in a newsroom, with the weight and force of recent murders in Minneapolis, Baton Rouge, and Dallas rushing in torrents. I spent the day scanning news sources for updates, any updates, and updating the CityLab article accordingly. I was forced not to look away. At four thirty in the afternoon, I needed to. News was not breaking so quickly anymore. I stepped away. I wrote: Standing in the lower courtyard of the Watergate building beneath a white ledge textured with cracks and mineral deposits from the constant dripping of waterminiature stalactites the color of saltbefore a rippling turquoise pool in white concrete basin. I have been on Dallas all day. My throat is dry and hollow. I am afraid for people I love. I am afraid for all of us. I want the black and brown people I love to feel safe and beloved in their skin. We live in a dystopia. Envisioning alternative worlds, alternative futuresradical reenvisioning is the only way forward I see. Where can we go for healing and peace? Can a civilization be healed? Can damage to hateful soulsthe rot that creeps inbe undone? Not by fear. The humidity turns this courtyard into a jungle. I am wearing green silk pants and the hem has fallen. A fountain at the entrance of the Watergate building, my first day at the Atlantic We live in a wounded and divided country, in a fragile state. Families and communities are torn apart by unlawful executions, deportations, the criminalization of survival. Black and brown bodies are torn apart by bullets their taxes paid for. Our humanity is torn apart as we witness this and do nothing, change nothing, deny, grow desensitized to the brutality. It is not enough to change the practices of police. We must change ourselves, our ways of being, and our country. We must be brave enough, imaginative enough, and compassionate enough to envision a world in which blackness is not feared and lives are valued. How to begin? Without having anything whatever against Cadillacs, refrigerators and all the paraphernelia of American life, I yet suspect there is something much more important and much more real which produces the Cadillac, refrigerator, atom bomb, and what produces is, after all, is something which we dont seem to want to look at, and that is the person. A country is only as goodI dont care now about the Constitution and the laws, at the moment let us leave these things asidea country is only as strong as the people who make it up and the country turns into what the people want it to become. Now, this country is going to be transformed. It will not be transformed by an act of God, but by all of us, by you and me. I dont believe any longer that we can afford to say that it is entirely out of our hands. We made the world were living in and we have to make it over. James Baldwin, Nobody Knows My Name People who are exhausted and afraid, I am with you. People who are grasping at straws, trying to understand, trying to find what to do, I am with you. ______ Resources: Michelle Alexander on Transformative Change Self Care for People of Color After Psychological Trauma (and Other References) What to Do Instead of Calling the Police