Markeing Managment Essay Example

Markeing Managment Paper Showcasing Management Knowledge and Skills Tenth Edition J. Paul Peter University of Wisconsin-Madison James H. Donnelly, Jr. /University of Kentucky Me Graw Hill McGraw-Hill Irwin Contents SECTION 1 ESSENTIALS OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT 1 Processing of Research Data 3 7 Preparation of the Research Report 38 Limitations of the Research Process 38 Marketing Information Systems Conclusion 41 40 PART An INTRODUCTION 3 Chapter 3 Consumer Behavior 42 Chapter 1 Strategic Planning and the Marketing Management Process 4 The Marketing Concept 4 What Is Marketing? What Is Strategic Planning? Social Influences on Consumer Decision Making 43 Culture and Subculture 43 Social Class 44 Reference Groups and Families 6 45 6 Strategic Planning and Marketing Management The Strategic Planning Process 7 The Complete Strategic Plan 16 Marketing Influences on Consumer Decision Making 45 Product Influences 45 Price Influences 45 Promotion Influences 46 Place Influences 46 20 The Marketing Management Process 16 Circumstance Analysis 16 * Marketing Planning 19 Implementation and Control of the Marketing Plan Marketing Information Systems and Marketing Research 21 Situational Influences on Consumer Decision Making 47 Psychological Influences on Consumer Decision Making 47 Product Knowledge 47 Product Involvement 48 The Strategic Plan, The Marketing Plan, and Other Functional Area Plans 21 Marketings Role in Cross-Functional Strategic Planning 21 Consumer Decision Making Need Recognition 49 †¢ Alternative Search 50 Alternative Evaluation 51 Purchase Decision 51 Postpurchase Evaluation 52 48 Conclusion 22 Appendix Portfolio Models 25 PART B MARKETING INFORMATION, RESEARCH, AND UNDERSTANDING THE TARGET MARKET 29 Chapter 2 Marketing Research: Process and Systems for Decision Making 30 The Role of Marketing Research 30 The Marketing Research Process 31 Purpose of the Research 31 Plan of the Research 32 Performance of the Research 37 xii Conclusion 54 Chapter 4 Business, Government, and Institutional Buying 55 Classifications of Organizational Buyers Producers 55 Intermediaries 56 Government Agencies 56 Other Institutions 56 55 The Organizational Buying Process 56 Purchase-Type Influences on Organizational Buying 57 Straight Rebuy 57 Contents Modified Rebuy 57 New Task Purchase 5 7 xiii Structural Influences on Organizational Buying Purchasing Roles 58 Organization-Specific Factors 59 Purchasing Policies and Procedures 59 58 Chapter 7 New Product Planning and Development 98 New Product Strategy 99 New Product Planning and Development Process 101 We will compose a custom article test on Markeing Managment explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Markeing Managment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Markeing Managment explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Conduct Influences on Organizational Buying Personal Motivations Role Perceptions 60 Stages in the Organizational Buying Process Organizational Need 63 Vendor Analysis 63 Purchase Activities 63 Postpurchase Evaluation 63 62 Idea Generation 101 Idea Screening 103 Project Planning 104 Product Development 105 Test Marketing 105 Commercialization 106 The Importance of Time 106 Some Important New Product Decisions Quality Level 107 Product Features 108 Product Design 108 Product Safety 109 107 Conclusion 65 Part 5 Market Segmentation 66 Delineate the Firms Current Situation 66 Determine Consumer Needs and Wants 67 Divide Markets on Relevant Dimensions 67 A Priori versus Post Hoc Segmentation 68 Relevance of Segmentation Dimensions 68 Bases for Segmentation 69 Causes of New Product Failure Needfor Research 109 Conclusion 111 Develop Product Positioning 75 Decide Segmentation Strategy 76 Design Marketing Mix Strategy 77 Conclusion 78 Chapter 8 Integrated Marketing Communications Strategic Goals of Marketing Communication Make Awareness 112 Build Positive Images 112 Identify Prospects 112 Build Channel Relationships Retain Customers 113 112 PARTC THE MARKETING MIX 79 Chapter 6 Product and Brand Strategy Basic Issues in Product Management Product Definition 80 Product Classification 81 Product Quality and Value 82 Product Mix and Product Line 83 Branding and Brand Equity 84 Packaging 88 113 The Promotion Mix 113 Integrated Marketing Communications 114 Advertising: Planning and Strategy 116 80 Objectives ofAdvertising 116 Advertising Decisions 16 The Expenditure Question 117 The Allocation Question 120 Sales Promotion 124 Product Life Cycle The Product Audit 90 93 Push versus Pull Marketing 124 Trade Sales Promotions 125 Consumer Promotions 126 What Sales Promotion Can and Cant Do 126 Product Adoption and Diffusion 93 95 Deletions 93 Product Improvement Organizing for Product Management Conclusion 97 95 Public Relations 128 Direct Marketing 128 Conclusion 129 Appendix Major Federal Agencies Involved in Control of Advertising 131 xiv Contents Chapter 9 Individual Selling, Relationship Building, and Sales Management 132 Importance of Personal Selling 132 The Sales Process 133 Objectives of the Sales Force 133 The Sales Relationship-Building Process 134 People Who Support the Sales Force 140 Managing the Sales and Relationship-Building Process 141 The Sales Management Task 141 Controlling the Sales Force 142 Motivating and Compensating Performance 146 Conclusion 146 Estimate Costs and Other Price Limitations 170 Analyze Profit Potential 171 Set Initial Price Structure 171 Change Price varying 172 Conclusion 172 PARTD MARKETING IN SPECIAL FIELDS 173 Chapter 12 The Marketing of Services 174 Important Characteristics of Services 176 Intangibility 176 Inseparability 177 Perishability and Fluctuating Demand 178 Client Relationship 178 Customer Effort 179 Uniformity 180 Providing Quality Services 180 Customer Satisfaction Measurement 182 The Importance of Internal Marketing 182 Overcoming the Obstacles in Service Marketing Limited View of Marketing 184 Limited Competition 184 Noncreative Management 185 No Obsolescence 185 The Service Challenge 186 Banking 186 Health Care 186 Insurance 187 Travel 187 Implications for Service Marketers 188 Conclusion 189 Section 10 Distribution Strategy 148 The Need for Marketing Intermediaries 148 Classification of Marketing Intermediaries and Functions 148 Channels of Distribution 150 Selecting Channels of Distribution 151 Specific Considerations 151 Managing a Channel of Distribution 154 Relationship Marketing in Channels 154 Vertical Marketing Systems 154 Wholesaling 157 Store and Nonstore Retailing 15 8 Store Retailing 158 Nonstore Retailing 159 Conclusion 162 184 Chapter 11 Pricing Strategy 63 Demand Influences on Pricing Decisions 163 Demographic Factors 163 Psychological Factors 163 Price Elasticity 164 Supply Influences on Pricing Decisions 165 Pricing Objectives 165 Cost Considerations in Pricing 165 Product Considerations in Pricing 167 Environmental Influences on Pricing Decisions Competition 168 Government Regulations 168 A General Pricing Model 169 Set Pricing Objectives 169 Evaluate Product-Price Relationships 169 Chapter 13 Global Marketing 190 The Competitive Advantage of Nations 191 Organizing for Global Marketing 192 Problems with Entering Foreign Markets 192 Organizing the Multinational Company 195 Programming for Global Marketing 197 Global Marketing Research 197 Global Product Strategy 200 Global Distribution Strategy 200 Global Pricing Strategy 201 Global Advertising and Sales Promotion Strategy 201 Entry and Growth Strategies for Global Marketing 202 Conclusion 205 168 Contents xv SECTION 2 ANALYZING MARKETING PROBLEMS AND CASES 207 A Case Analysis Framework 208 1. Break down and Record the Current Situation 209 2. Break down and Record Problems and Their Core Elements 213 3. Plan, Evaluate, and Record Alternative Courses ofAction 214 4. Select and Record the Chosen Alternative and Implementation Details 215 Pitfalls to Avoid in Case Analysis 215 Communicating Case Analyses 218 The Written Report 218 The Oral Presentation 220 Conclusion 220 Exercise 7 238 Pricing Issues on the Internet 238 Exercise 8 238 Selecting the Internet as a Distribution Channel 238 Exercise 9 239 Internet Advertising 239 Exercise 10 239 The Adaptation of Services to the Internet 239 Exercise 11 240 Marketing Communications Techniques in the Internet Age 240 Web SOURCES OF MARKETING INFORMATION 241 Charles Heath: Eastern Kentucky University Corporate Web Sites 242 Search Engines and Directories 242 Government Sites 243 Business Publications 243 Newspapers 244 National Papers 244 Large City Papers 244 International Papers 245 Regional Papers 245 General Business Sites 245 Internet Marketing Reference Sites 246 Compilation Sites 246 SECTION 3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS FOR MARKETING DECISIONS 221 Financial Analysis 222 Break-Even Analysis 222 Net Present Value Analysis 224 Ratio Analysis 226 Conclusion 230 Segment 4 INTERNET EXERCISES AND SOURCES OF MARKETING INFORMATION 231 PART An INTERNET EXERCISES 233 Charles Heath: Eastern Kentucky University Exercise 1 234 Corporate Web Sites 234 Exercise 2 234 Online versus Offline Retail Experiences 234 Exercise 3 235 Consumer Decision-Making Process 235 Exercise 4 236 Discovering Product Assortments Online 236 Exercise 5 236 Brand Equity on the Internet 236 Exercise 6 237 The Impact of Communities on Marketing 237 5 MARKETING MANAGEMENT CASES 247 MARKET OPPORTUNITY ANALYSIS 249 Case! McDonalds Corporation 250 I Paul Peter and Ashish Gokhale: University of Wisconsin-Madison Case 2 Southwest Airlines 2008 257 Andrew C. Inkpen: Thunderbird School of Global Management xvi Contents Case 3 South Delaware Coors, Inc. CASE GROUPC 271 PROMOTION STRATEGY 373 James E. Nelson and Eric J. Karson: University of Colorado Case 4 Ruths Chris: The High Stakes of International Expansion 280 Allen H. Kupetz and lion Alon: University of Western Ont

Birthright Citizenship in the United States

Claim Citizenship in the United States Claim citizenship in the United States is the legitimate rule that any individual conceived on U.S. soil consequently and promptly turns into a U.S. resident. It diverges from U.S. citizenship got through naturalization or procurement citizenship conceded by goodness of being brought into the world abroad to at any rate one U.S. resident parent. A â€Å"birthright† is characterized as any privilege or benefit to which an individual is entitled by excellence of birth. Since quite a while ago tested in both the courtrooms and popular sentiment, the strategy of claim citizenship remains profoundly disputable today, especially when applied to youngsters destined to undocumented worker guardians. Key Takeaways: Birthright Citizenship Claim citizenship is the legitimate rule that any individual conceived on U.S. soil consequently turns into a resident of the United States.Birthright citizenship was built up in1868 by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution and affirmed by the US Supreme Court in the 1898 instance of United States v. Wong Kim Ark.Birthright citizenship is conceded to people conceived in the 50 U.S. states and the U.S. domains of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.Today, bequest citizenship is a profoundly dubious issue as it applies to kids destined to guardians who have entered the United States unlawfully. Jus Soli and Jus Sanguinis Citizenship Claim citizenship depends on the guideline of â€Å"jus soli,† a Latin expression meaning â€Å"right of the soil.† According to jus soli, a person’s citizenship is controlled by their place of birth. As in the United States, jus soli is the most widely recognized methods by which citizenship is procured. Jus Soli is as opposed to â€Å"jus sanguinis,† meaning â€Å"right of the blood,† the rule that a person’s citizenship is resolved or gained by the nationality of one or the two guardians. In the United States, citizenship can be procured by either jus soli, or less generally, by jus sanguinis.â Lawful Basis of US Birthright Citizenship In the United States, the approach of claim citizenship is situated in the Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, expressing â€Å"[a]ll people conceived or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the ward thereof, are residents of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.† Ratified in 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment was established to supersede the 1857 U.S. Incomparable Court’s Dred Scott v. Sandford choice which had denied citizenship to previous African American slaves. In the 1898 instance of United States v. Wong Kim Ark, the U.S. Incomparable Court affirmed that under the Fourteenth Amendment, full U.S. citizenship can't be denied to any individual conceived inside the United States, paying little heed to the citizenship status of the guardians at that point. Under the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, inheritance citizenship is comparatively allowed to any individual conceived in the United States to an individual from an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other native clan. Under the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952, U.S. jus soli bequest citizenship, as set up by the Fourteenth Amendment, is naturally conceded to any individual conceived inside any of the 50 states and the domains of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. What's more, jus sanguinis bequest citizenship is conceded (with certain special cases) to people destined to U.S. residents while in other countries.â The above rules and resulting authoritative changes are arranged and systematized into the United States Code of Federal Laws at 8 U.S.C.  § 1401 to characterize who turns into a United States resident during childbirth. As indicated by government law, the accompanying people will be esteemed U.S. residents during childbirth: An individual conceived in the United States, and subject to the purview thereof.A individual conceived in the United States to an individual from an Indian, Eskimo, Aleutian, or other native tribe.A individual conceived in a peripheral ownership of the United States of guardians one of whom is a resident of the United States who has been truly present in the United States or one of its remote belongings for a constant time of one year whenever preceding the introduction of such person.A individual of obscure parentage found in the United States while younger than five years, until appeared, before his achieving the age of twenty-one years, not to have been conceived in the United States. The Birthright Citizenship Debate While the legitimate idea of bequest citizenship has withstood long periods of difficulties in the official courtrooms, its arrangement of consequently conceding U.S. citizenship to offspring of undocumented outsiders has not fared too in the court of general sentiment. For instance, a 2015 Pew Research Center study found that 53% of Republicans, 23% of Democrats, and 42% of Americans generally speaking kindness changing the Constitution to bar citizenship for kids conceived in the U.S. to undocumented settler guardians. Numerous rivals of claim citizenship contend that it urges hopeful guardians to go to the U.S. just to conceive an offspring so as to improve their own odds of achieving lawful inhabitant (green card) status-a training frequently called â€Å"birth tourism.† According to a Pew Hispanic Center examination of Census Bureau information, an expected 340,000 of the 4.3 million infants conceived in the United States in 2008 were destined to â€Å"unauthorized immigrants.† The Pew concentrate further gauges that an aggregate of around 4,000,000 American-conceived offspring of unapproved migrant guardians lived in the U.S. in 2009, alongside about 1.1 million remote conceived offspring of unapproved worker guardians. Dubiously considering it the â€Å"anchor baby† circumstance, a few administrators have recommended enactment to change how and when bequest citizenship is conceded. The 2015 Pew examination found that inheritance citizenship was allowed to around 275,000 children destined to undocumented outsider guardians in 2014, or about 7% of all births in the U.S. that year. That number speaks to a drop from the pinnacle year of unlawful migration in 2006 when around 370,000 kids about 9% of all births-were destined to undocumented outsiders. Moreover, about 90% of undocumented settlers who conceive an offspring in the U.S. have lived in the nation for over two years before conceiving an offspring. On October 30, 2018, President Donald Trump heightened the discussion by expressing that he proposed to give an official request totally evacuating the privilege of citizenship to individuals conceived in the U.S. to outside nationals under any conditions a demonstration some contend would basically revoke the Fourteenth Amendment. The president set no timetable for his proposed request, so bequest citizenship-as set up by the Fourteenth Amendment and United States v. Wong Kim Ark-remains the rule that everyone must follow. Different Countries With Birthright Citizenship As per the free, non-fanatic Center for Immigration Studies, the United States alongside Canada and 37 different nations, the vast majority of which are in the Western Hemisphere, offer to a great extent unlimited jus soli inheritance citizenship. No Western Europe nations offer unlimited claim citizenship to all youngsters conceived inside their outskirts. Throughout the most recent decade, numerous nations, including France, New Zealand, and Australia, have deserted bequest citizenship. In 2005, Ireland turned into the last nation in the European Union to cancel inheritance citizenship. Sources and Further Reference Arthur, Andrew R. (November 5, 2018). Claim Citizenship: An Overview. Place for Immigration Studies.Smith, Rogers M. (2009). Claim Citizenship and the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 and 2008. College of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law.Lee, Margaret (May 12, 2006). U.S. Citizenship of Persons Born in the United States to Alien Parents. Congressional Research Service.Da Silva, Chantal. (October 30, 2018). Trump Says He Plans to Sign Executive Order to Terminate Birthright Citizenship. CNN.

We Made the World Were Living In, and We Have to Make It Over

We Made the World We’re Living In, and We Have to Make It Over Yesterday, Friday, was my third day working at the Atlantic. I graduated a little over a month ago, moved to Washington, D.C. a week ago, and started the fellowship on Wednesday. The city is lush, green, unfamiliar. The air is heavy with humidity and heads and hearts, this week, are heavier. I spent yesterday in a newsroom, with the weight and force of recent murders in Minneapolis, Baton Rouge, and Dallas rushing in torrents. I spent the day scanning news sources for updates, any updates, and updating the CityLab article accordingly. I was forced not to look away. At four thirty in the afternoon, I needed to. News was not breaking so quickly anymore. I stepped away. I wrote: Standing in the lower courtyard of the Watergate building beneath a white ledge textured with cracks and mineral deposits from the constant dripping of waterminiature stalactites the color of saltbefore a rippling turquoise pool in white concrete basin. I have been on Dallas all day. My throat is dry and hollow. I am afraid for people I love. I am afraid for all of us. I want the black and brown people I love to feel safe and beloved in their skin. We live in a dystopia. Envisioning alternative worlds, alternative futuresradical reenvisioning is the only way forward I see. Where can we go for healing and peace? Can a civilization be healed? Can damage to hateful soulsthe rot that creeps inbe undone? Not by fear. The humidity turns this courtyard into a jungle. I am wearing green silk pants and the hem has fallen. A fountain at the entrance of the Watergate building, my first day at the Atlantic We live in a wounded and divided country, in a fragile state. Families and communities are torn apart by unlawful executions, deportations, the criminalization of survival. Black and brown bodies are torn apart by bullets their taxes paid for. Our humanity is torn apart as we witness this and do nothing, change nothing, deny, grow desensitized to the brutality. It is not enough to change the practices of police. We must change ourselves, our ways of being, and our country. We must be brave enough, imaginative enough, and compassionate enough to envision a world in which blackness is not feared and lives are valued. How to begin? Without having anything whatever against Cadillacs, refrigerators and all the paraphernelia of American life, I yet suspect there is something much more important and much more real which produces the Cadillac, refrigerator, atom bomb, and what produces is, after all, is something which we dont seem to want to look at, and that is the person. A country is only as goodI dont care now about the Constitution and the laws, at the moment let us leave these things asidea country is only as strong as the people who make it up and the country turns into what the people want it to become. Now, this country is going to be transformed. It will not be transformed by an act of God, but by all of us, by you and me. I dont believe any longer that we can afford to say that it is entirely out of our hands. We made the world were living in and we have to make it over. James Baldwin, Nobody Knows My Name People who are exhausted and afraid, I am with you. People who are grasping at straws, trying to understand, trying to find what to do, I am with you. ______ Resources: Michelle Alexander on Transformative Change Self Care for People of Color After Psychological Trauma (and Other References) What to Do Instead of Calling the Police

Importance Of Meditation And The Kind Of Mindset Yoda

Basing one’s understanding of meditation from the terms mentioned above, one can see the resemblance and connection between meditation and the kind of mindset Yoda asks Luke Skywalker to emulate. In Star Wars, concentration is essential to the life of a Jedi Knight, because through its practice, a Jedi is able to let the force flow through them, to guide his actions, instead of suffering and failing from clinging to the notion of control. Buddhist Meditation allows for one to be fully present, to take in everything that the present moment has to offer, instead of clinging to the past that is long gone, and the future that has yet to come. Correspondingly, Jedi Knights are asked to focus on the present because every emotion that disrupts their mission to protect the galaxies, lies in clinging to emotions that surround the past and the future. To further understand the concept of being fully present, according to author Matthew Bortolin: We become caught in the memories of our past mistakes and lost in fantasies about future triumphs, and in so doing we lose the joy available in the present. In the time of the Buddha his disciples were known to be exceptionally joyful and even radiant. It was a striking sight: simple monks, residing in the wilderness and eating very little, yet so luminous and serene. When asked how this came to be, the Buddha said, ‘They do not repent the past, nor do they brood for the future. They live in the present. Therefore they are radiant. ByShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesChange and Stress Management 577 Appendix A Research in Organizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing

The Ethical And Legal Dilemmas - 1519 Words

Some of the most difficult medical decisions to be made are those involving the life of a disabled or non-viable fetus. Such decisions are often filled with ethical and legal dilemmas. The fetus is just one of the many lives affected in the decision making process. In these scenarios, clear communication between the parents of the fetus and the health providers is crucial. Making the wrong decision could result in the weight of a large burden for the rest of one’s life. In this paper I will bring to light the ethical and legal dilemmas involved in beginning of life scenarios, along with examples of such situations, and ways health care providers can avoid such dilemmas. The principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice are what make up the foundation of bio-medical ethics. According to Kantian moral philosophy, autonomy is defined as the capacity of an agent to act in accordance with objective morality rather than under the influence of desires. Respect for autonomy is that the patient has the right to refuse or choose his or her treatment. Beneficence is defined online as a concept in research ethics, which states that researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical trial or other research study, meaning that a practitioner should act in the best interest of the patient. Non-maleficence, according to the medical ethics textbook, is not harming others, which implies that physicians not technically competent toShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical And Legal Dilemma2044 Words   |  9 Pagestheir beliefs are often in stark contrast with a doctor or nurses’ obligations as a healthcare provider (Henderson, 2005). An ethical and legal dilemma is created when a Jehovah’s witness refusal for blood transfusions puts a patient’s freedom and autonomy regarding medical intervention against a nurse or doctor’s duty to provide lifesaving treatment. This ethical dilemma affects nursing because it places the nurse in a difficult situation where they must knowingly respect all individual religiousRead MoreEthical and Legal Dilemma in It4378 Words   |  18 PagesEthical and Legal Dilemma in IT Nanette E. Armstrong Capella University TS5536 Ethical and Legal Considerations in Information Technology 17 March 2012 Ethical and Legal Dilemma in IT Based on the definition of cyberethics as given by Tavani, â€Å"the study of moral, legal, and social issues involving cybertechnology† (2010, pg. 3), law is usually/always a part of cyberethics to one degree or another. Being right or wrong based on society’s value builds the fundamentals of ethics. MoralRead MoreIdentification of Ethical and Legal Dilemmas1689 Words   |  7 PagesETHICAL DILEMMA In the current scenario, my client has been experiencing severe depression and suicidal tendencies. Through diagnosis, I have come to learn that she had been involved in a romantic relationship with her previous counselor during the counseling period. She also claims hat she has been having suicidal feelings since the romantic relationship was terminated six months ago. She accepts responsibility for the romantic relationship. It is to be seen what ethical and legal dilemmas areRead MoreEthical and Legal Dilemmas of Surrogacy Essay2979 Words   |  12 PagesEthical and Legal Dilemmas of Surrogacy Christie Blackwell HCA 322 Dr. Nine Bell June 17, 2013 Ethical and Legal Dilemmas of Surrogacy Many individuals have a life plan consisting of college, marriage, and then children. After numerous methods of conception, many couples are still unable to conceive a child. A woman who enters into a contract with a couple, agreeing to carry and birth a child, then hand that child over to the contracted couple, who is often unable to conceiveRead MoreEthical Dilemma By Using Legal Principles1755 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction There is one case study of an ethical situation that needs to be solved. This essay will deliberate and analyse this dilemma. Intending to use Kerridge’s model for indicating ethical decision-making in this practice. That is including identify the ethical dilemma by using legal principles and concepts to examine it. Case Study Here is a scenario of Mark, who is 28-year-old and was injured from a car accident. He had been diagnosed with significant internal bleeding by a doctor. ThereRead MoreEthical Legal Dilemmas in Nursing Essay2393 Words   |  10 Pages Ethical Legal Dilemma in Advanced Practice Nursing Ethical Legal Dilemma in Advanced Practice Nursing The profession of advanced practice nursing is characterized by several attributes, one of them being the delicate balance between the law and the ethical code. One may argue that the legal system was designed around ethical principles but in the following paper, the author will attempt to point out the distinctions that separate and define legal and ethicalRead MoreThe Ethical And Legal Dilemmas That Ms. Burrows1167 Words   |  5 PagesDissecting an Ethical Case Study Section #1 The ethical and legal dilemmas that Ms. Burrows admitted to in the stipulation and final agency order were: billing insurance after taking payment for services, inadequate documentation and record keeping, and failure to have a signed mandatory disclosure (Stipulation Case No. 2013-938). When making reports to third parties such as insurance providers, counselors are required to be truthful and forthcoming (American Counseling Association, 2014). TakingRead MoreLegal And Ethical Dilemmas Of The Healthcare Industry2131 Words   |  9 PagesControversial topics exist in nearly every industry, but perhaps none more dramatic and differentiated than those issues in the Healthcare industry. Legal and ethical dilemmas are constantly present within the Healthcare industry, so it is important to understand the governing laws and that there is an understandable diversity of opinions on these sensitive topics, which can lead to differing opinions about the â€Å"right† thing to do in a particular situation (Harris, 2008). One such topic is that ofRead MoreLegal and Social Environment of Business Ethical Dilemmas1792 Words   |  8 PagesLEGAL AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT OF BUSINESS ETHICAL DILEMMAS Ethics is an essential component of all situations and decisions of life, whether personal or professional. Ethics defines itself as, a systemized set of generally accepted standards or moral values and also the academic study of such belief systems (Massey stream glossary). Ethics can further be divided into various categories depending on the issues and aspects of each respective case. An ethical dimension of business decision-making hasRead MoreEthical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study II3315 Words   |  14 Pages Ethical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study II Norman Ginn Kaplan Ethical and Legal Perspectives MN 506 Tracy Towne Ethical Legal Dilemma Advanced Practice Nursing Case Study II Health insurance policies have set limits on what services will be paid for with a terminally ill person in the home and these limitations may conflict with the nurse’s obligation to provide care for the terminally ill patient (Fry, Veatch Taylor, 2011).   Speaking with the family of a 59 year old

Letter of Persuasion Free Essays

I hope this letter reaches you in good health and good graces. I am writing this letter to tell you about this persistent issue Eve had with my teeth. It all started when I was told that along with my four wisdom teeth I had to get an extra tooth which was growing on the bottom right row, extracted as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Letter of Persuasion or any similar topic only for you Order Now After the first grueling month of post wisdom tooth extraction pain, came more problems. Now I have a hole in my mouth on that bottom right row and, I can’t go one meal still to this day without it bleeding, and let me remind you that my teeth were extracted about six to eight months ago and the hole still bleeds after a meal, snack etc. Which also makes it hard when you want to get food out of that hole. Because the gap is wide enough after every meal something gets stuck in there and if the hole is punctured with a straw, fork, toothpick, dental floss in efforts to get the food out, it will not only cause more pain but more bleeding as well. This explains why the gap is swollen, because its been stabbed multiple times in efforts to get the food out, so now its become sore. The days you do not have a straw, fork, toothpick or dental floss readily available, the food stays there making the pain more unbearable, and making it more possible for infections. Imagine having to deal with this everyday, and your a sixteen year old boy with a Job which requires a lot of talking, and with every time you move your mouth, you feel a pain from this throbbing hole, which the doctors who took your wisdom teeth and your extra tooth out said would be handled by braces, all that would be needed was the insurance company to say yes. So after breakfast, lunch and dinner, I have to take a Ethylene or David to reduce the pain, swelling and bleeding, and each day that I take one, the drowsier I become, which makes It a lot harder for me to do my Job when Im extremely groggy. On top of all this my breathing has gotten heavier from after the extraction of the tooth, especially when I lay down, my heart rate increases, and my breathing becomes loud. I first noticed that I truly had a breathing issue when I was having a conversation with a friend, and he asked me had I been inning and I said â€Å"no’, and he said â€Å"l can hear you breathing† Before the operation my breathing was fine, I never had any Issues, I never even had asthma. Now when I’m standing perfectly still or trying to go to bed, my constant deep breathing Is always there. So I am writing this letter today not plead for braces because of a minor overbite or cross-bite, but I truly hope that from my narrative and Orthodontics narrative that my very serious oral condition will be taken Into deep consideration a second time around. Ever since my teeth were taken out I was assured that the pain loud only be temporary and once the Insurance approved for braces the hole would be closed up and the Issues would be gone but since that surgery date I have had more problems then ever before, which has Interfered with my schooling, work and everyday activities. I hope you take pity In the fact that I suffer everyday with this Issue and would Like nothing more then the Insurance company to help finally see what I go through day to day. I would Just Like to say thank you for taking the time to read my letter, and hope you can get back to me soon. Letter of Persuasion By phantom day that I take one, the drowsier I become, which makes it a lot harder for me to do from after the extraction of the tooth, especially when I lay down, my heart rate running and I said â€Å"no†, and he said â€Å"I can hear you breathing† Before the operation my breathing was fine, I never had any issues, I never even had asthma. Now when I’m standing perfectly still or trying to go to bed, my constant deep breathing is narrative that my very serious oral condition will be taken into deep consideration a loud only be temporary and once the insurance approved for braces the hole would be closed up and the issues would be gone but since that surgery date I have had more problems then ever before, which has interfered with my schooling, work and everyday activities. How to cite Letter of Persuasion, Papers

Case Study Sample-John Wong (Transurethral Resection Of The Prostate)

Questions: Case Study 3: John Wong (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate) John Wong is an 80 year old male of Chinese origin. Johns medical history includes hypothyroidism and osteoporosis and he smokes 10 cigarettes per day. His gait has recently been increasingly unstable and he has difficulty with simple tasks, such as getting up his house stairs and getting up from chairs. In the last 4 weeks, he has noticed that he has been having difficulty passing urine and some abdominal discomfort. His GP referred him to a urologist and a prostate biopsy was taken. This showed BPH (benign prostate hyperplasia) and it was recommended that he undergo a Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP). While conducting Johns pre-admission assessment it is noted that John is slightly hypertensive and is fidgeting and moving around the waiting room. After some education John states that he is pleased to have the surgery as he hopes it will relieve some of the discomfort he has been experiencing. John tells the nurse that he currently lives alone. Johns surgery is uneventful during the intra-operative stage. On arrival to PACU John is placed in a supine position. He is drowsy and restless and oxygenated through a facemask on 02 at 5l/min. A wheeze and non-productive cough is noted. John has an IDC insitu with continuous bladder irrigation with output noted to be a reddish pink. A number of blankets are placed on top of him as he is shivering. His observations are T 36.5c, HR 90, RR 30, BP 150/90 and SpO2 91%. John is transferred to the surgical ward after a 65 minute stay in PACU. John remains drowsy but easily rousable. He is oxygenated via intra-nasal cannulae at 2l/min and he states his pain is 3/10. He has 0.9% sodium chloride infusion running at 125ml/hr. Post-operative orders include IVF, analgesia (PRN Endone, 5mg 6hrly and Paracetamol, 1g 4-6hourly), strict FBC and continuous bladder irrigation for 24 hours, with an aim of rose urine output. Four hours after Johns return to the ward he is observed to be in pain and distressed. He is diaphoretic and restless and states that his bladder feels full and he feels the urge to urinate. At this time, vital signs are noted to be: T 36.9c, HR 91, RR 28, BP 146/91 SPO2 98%. On review of his documentation it is found that his fluid status has a positive 500ml balance and his urine is of red colour. There are blood clots in his urine. Required: 1. In relation to your chosen patient, discuss the pathophysiology of their condition and using evidence based practice explore current treatment options for your patients condition, include any pharmacological and non-pharmacological considerations.2. Critically discuss four (4) components of the PACU discharge criteria outlined in the Aldrete Scale. Utilize the scale provided on LEO as a resource in your case study.3. Develop a discharge plan to support your patient on discharge. Include any education you deem relevant, any referrals to allied health professional/s required, and discuss your rationale. Answers: 1. According to the case study, John Wong is suffering from hypothyroidism, osteoporosis and is currently diagnosed with benign prostate hyperplasia. Hypothyroidism is said to be a condition, caused because of deficient thyroid hormone production from thyroid gland. The HPT or hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis administers the secretion of thyroid hormone. Osteoporosis is said to be a progressive bone disease, where bone density and mass decrease and can cause an increased possibility of fracture. Benign prostate hyperplasia is considered as the condition of benign increase in prostate size (McEvoy, 2013). It includes hyperplasia of epithelial and stromal cells, giving rise to discrete, large nodule formation within the transitional zone of prostate. If these nodules grow sufficiently large they affect the urethra and resist urine flow from bladder. Both stromal and glandular epithelial cells, along with muscular fibers go through hyperplasia phase in benign prostate hyperplasia (Is aacs, 2008). Evidences have supported the fact that out of the two different tissues, stromal cell hyperplasia prevails but the accurate ratio is still not clear (Lin et al., 2007). Benign prostate hyperplasia is strongly related with prostate transitional zone and posterior urethral glands. The initial indications of this condition usually initiate between 30-50years of age in posterior urethral glands that are present next to proximal urethra. In this incident mostly the growth takes place in transition zone (Foster, 2000). Apart from these two recognized zones, another area called peripheral zone is believed to be involved with this condition, but to a slighter extent. Prostate cancer initiates in peripheral zone. To rule out the possibility of cancer, usually the nodules, which are formed in the transitional zone, are biopsied. The American Urological Association has stated that BPH is incurable; hence treatment should be focused on lessening the indications (Strope, Yang, Neppl e, Andriole Owens, 2012). The treatments depend upon the symptoms severity. A surgeon may recommend a patient for surgery, for example: transurethral needle ablation, transurethral resection of prostate or transurethral microwave therapy. BPH affects individuals quality of life, so proper nursing care (non-phrmacological), apart from the pharmacological care is very much important (Mitropoulos et al., 2002). A nurse should convey the patient that he should not rush his urination, he should feel relaxed while using toilet. He should properly distribute his fluid intake throughout a day. Pharmacological considerations include application of drugs like alpha blockers, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, phytotherapeutics and anticholinergics. These drugs are focused on complication prevention and change of disease progression, which are linked with BPH. 2. Patients do recover in post anesthetic care unit (PACU), requires proper airway management and accurate monitoring to avoid post operative difficulties (Litwack, 2009). The Aldrete scale is said to be a recovery measurement scale which is used after anaesthesia. This scale includes estimating consciousness, respiration, blood pressure and activity. In the care unit after anesthesia, the nurse anesthesia, anesthesiologist and the nurse anesthetist involves patient condition, surgery performed; type of given anesthesia, blood loss, total fluid input and urine output during surgery (Tzeng, 2000). The PACU nurse should note if any surgical complications are present, including differences in blood circulation stability. Evaluation of patients airway openness, consciousness level, vital signs are considered as the fundamental priorities after admission to the post anesthetic care unit. Apart from that other assessment categories are surgical site, body temperature (hyperthermia/hypother mia), patency of drainage tubes, rate of intravenous fluids, sensation in extremities after surgery, sensation level after local anesthesia, vomiting pain status. Surgical site assessment includes intact dressings without any indications of bleeding. Assessment of drainage tube patency means that checking proper opening of tubes. A patient can only be discharged from care unit when he/she meets set up discharge criteria, as identified by the Aldrete scale. This scale scores patients respiratory status, mobility, pulse oximetry, conscious and circulation. The importance of Aldrete scale includes checking consciousness after anesthesia. Not only that this will also help the nurses to understand a patients current health condition after a surgery and anaesthesia. The assigned score is also responsible for checking blood pressure, respiration and activity. According to Aldrete score an individual patient should score nine or more for confirmed recovery. If the patient do not meet the scoring criteria then he/she should not be released to general ward. This is because his/her condition might deteriorate after surgery. Aldrete scoring: Activity: four extremities: Two extremities: No extremities: Respiration: Deep breathing and freely coughing Shallow, dyspnoea or limited breathing: Apnoea: Circulation: Blood pressure within 20mm Hg prior surgery Blood pressure within 20-50mmHg prior surgery Blood pressure +/-50mm Hg prior surgery Consciousness Fully awake Arousal on calling Unresponsive Oxygen saturation Saturation92% Requires oxygen to retain saturation90% Saturation90% with oxygen Based on surgery types and patients condition, he/she may be admitted to intensive care unit or general surgical ward. After anesthesia patient may still be in sedative condition, hence patient safety is a fundamental goal. Patients may be discharged from care unit to general ward or home after their proper urination, capacity to moving out of bed and have development of oral intake capacity. In this case study it is seen that after arrival to PACU John is placed in a supine position. This is a good approach to ensure that patient is under good airway management. Airway management is said to be a medical process to make sure that there is open passageway between outside world and patient lungs along with diminishing aspiration risk (Lvstad, Granhus Hetland, 2000). John is restless, drowsy and oxygenated through a facemask. Oxygenated mask is an additional process which assists smooth air passage. This would help John to avoid the condition of hypoxaemia or low oxygen level in blood. John has a normal body temperature, yet he is shivering, which might be because of pain after surgery, hence monitoring of his body temperature is significant. During pre-admission it is recorded that John is hypertensive and also after the surgery his blood pressure is 150/90, which is more than the standard blood pressure level. Elevated blood pressure can worsen Johns complications. It is mentioned that John is drowsy after surgery, so grading consciousness is important with the help of Glasgow Coma Scale. It is a neurological scale which gives an objective and reliable way of documenting conscious state of an individual for primary assessment as well as following assessment. An individual is evaluated against the scale criteria and results provide that individual a score between3-15. This scale is used not only to determine consciousness level after head injury, this scale is also used to monitor chronic patient in intensive care unit. Hence, it is justified to use GCS in Johns case (Sartorius et al., 2010). This scale mainly indicates the state of central nervous system of an individual. It is considered as one of the most important sy stem of human system that receives signals, coordinates and influence activity of all parts of the human system. Therefore, checking the status of central nervous system for level of consciousness and activity is very much needed. John has an indwelling catheter with nonstop bladder irrigation, his urine output noted to be reddish pink. So, the PACU nurse should check whether this is because the presence of any kind of infection or because John recently undergone TURP. John has undergone a TURP surgery; therefore, it is common to see some reddish pink colored blood in urine after the operation. The nurse should have the understanding that, if urine represents much bright reddish color for more than 48hours, they should inform the doctor for further advice. Johns heart rate is 90, which might represent his painful condition immediately after surgery. 3. Discharge planning is considered as an important part of health care to maintain patient care quality at home and to avoid readmissions (Eliopoulos, 2010). Hence for John, a proper and effective discharge planning need to be prepared. The following discharge plan is important for John in terms of holistic nursing (Nsameluh, 2005). The nurse should make the patient understand about each and every detail mentioned in the discharge plan. John is an 80years old male so it is quite obvious for him to forget various information regarding his health status. Hence, the hospital should arrange a nurse aide for him, who can continue his treatment and care at his residence. It is also mentioned in the case study that John lives alone, so assisting him with a nurse aide is very much significant for John. John should be referred to a dietician and physician. This is because he has recently undergone a surgery and to maintain his health condition he should consume adequate amount of liquid. He is suffering from poor gait; this is because of osteoporosis and also the uncomfortable feeling from BPH. After surgery to improve his movement light aerobic exercises are very much important to recommend for John. This might include leg exercises for short period of time in every hour. With proper nursing care, intervention and discharge plan, health care professionals can accomplish their care goal and thus can improve the quality of life of the patient and their wellbeing. References Eliopoulos, C. (2010).Gerontological nursing. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Foster, C. (2000). Pathology of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Prostate,45(S9), 4-14. doi:10.1002/1097-0045(2000)45:9+3.0.co;2-q Isaacs, J. (2008). Prostate stem cells and benign prostatic hyperplasia.Prostate,68(9), 1025-1034. doi:10.1002/pros.20763 Lin, V., Wang, S., Vazquez, D., C. Xu, C., Zhang, S., Tang, L. (2007). Prostatic stromal cells derived from benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens possess stem cell like property.Prostate,67(12), 1265-1276. doi:10.1002/pros.20599 Litwack, K. (2009).Clinical coach for effective perioperative nursing care. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Lvstad, R., Granhus, G., Hetland, S. (2000). Bradycardia and asystolic cardiac arrest during spinal anaesthesia: A report of five cases.Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica,44(1), 48-52. doi:10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440109.x McEvoy, L. (2013). Fast Facts: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. - By Roger Kirby Peter J. Gilling.Int J Urol Nurs,7(2), 117-117. doi:10.1111/j.1749-771x.2012.01173.x Mitropoulos, D., Anastasiou, I., Giannopoulou, C., Nikolopoulos, P., Alamanis, C., Zervas, A., Dimopoulos, C. (2002). Symptomatic Benign Prostate Hyperplasia: Impact on Partners Quality of Life.European Urology,41(3), 240-245. doi:10.1016/s0302-2838(02)00041-6 Nsameluh, K. (2005).Discharge planning. Sartorius, D., Le Manach, Y., David, J., Rancurel, E., Smail, N., Thicop, M. et al. (2010). Mechanism, Glasgow Coma Scale, Age, and Arterial Pressure (MGAP): A new simple prehospital triage score to predict mortality in trauma patients*.Critical Care Medicine,38(3), 831-837. doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181cc4a67 Strope, S., Yang, L., Nepple, K., Andriole, G., Owens, P. (2012). Population Based Comparative Effectiveness of Transurethral Resection of the Prostate and Laser Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia.The Journal Of Urology,187(4), 1341-1345. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2011.11.102 Tzeng, J. (2000). Dexamethasone for prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting after epidural morphine for post-Caesarean section analgesia: comparison of droperidol and saline.British Journal Of Anaesthesia,85(6), 865-868. doi:10.1093/bja/85.6.865

Gandhi Essay Research Paper Gandhi was an free essay sample

Gandhi Essay, Research Paper Gandhi was an influential figure in our society. He taught many people about equal rights, honouring thy neighbour, and peace and repose. Although at times his actions were deemed unlikely and insane however, they were effectual. In my essay I will be discoursing the history of Mohandis Gandhi ; the actions he bestowed and took to carry through freedom for India ; and how Mohandis eventually obtained freedom for India. Gandhi, besides known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in the present province of Gujarat on October 2, 1869. He was educated in jurisprudence at University College, London. In 1891, after Gandhi was admitted to the British saloon, he returned to India and attempted to make a jurisprudence pattern in Bombay, which failed. Two old ages after his failure, and India house with involvements in South Africa hired him as a legal advisor to work in their office in Durban. Once Gandhi arrived in Durban he found himself being treated as a member of an inferior race. We will write a custom essay sample on Gandhi Essay Research Paper Gandhi was an or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He was shocked at the denial of civil autonomies and political rights to Indian immigrants to South Africa. He so # 8220 ; threw # 8221 ; himself into the battle for basic rights for Indians. Gandhi stayed in South Africa for 20 old ages, being imprisoned many times. In 1896, after being attacked and beaten by white South Africans, Gandhi began to learn a method of # 8220 ; inactive opposition, # 8221 ; to, the South African governments. _Part of the inspiration for this method came from the Russian author Leo Tolstoy. Christ and Henry David Thoreau, a nineteenth century American author, besides inspired Gandhi. In 1914 the authorities of the Union of South Africa made of import grants to Gandhi s demands. They included acknowledgment of Indian matrimonies and abolishment of the canvass revenue enhancement for them. When his work is South Africa was complete he returned to India. Following World War I, Gandhi launched his motion of inactive opposition to Great Britain. In 1919, the British Parliament passed the Rowlatt Acts, giving governments the rights to utilize exigency powers to cover with radical activities, Gandhi s method of inactive opposition spread throughout India deriving 1000000s of followings. A presentation of the Rowlatt Act occurred when inactive opposition was subjected to British forces who so massacred American indians at Amritsar. In 1920 when the British authorities didn Ts make damagess, Gandhi created an organized group of noncooperation. Indians in public office resigned, authorities bureaus were boycotted, and Indian kids were withdrawn from authorities schools. Indian streets were covered with Indians who would non acquire up even if beaten by constabulary. Gandhi was so arrested but the British were forced to let go of him shortly after. The economic facets of the motion were important. It resulted in utmost poorness in the state and about arrant devastation of Indian place industries. In order to squelch the poorness Gandhi, allowed the resurgence of bungalow industries. Gandhi so began utilizing a whirling wheel as a mark of returning to the simple small town life he had preached approximately. Gandhi became the inte rnational symbol of a free India. By the method of inactive opposition, Britain excessively would see force useless and go forth India. In 1921 the Indian National Congress gave Gandhi complete executive authorization. Then, many rebellions occurred against Great Britain. Gandhi so confessed the failure of his civil-disobedience method and ended it. The British authorities one time once more arrested and imprisoned him in 1922. When Gandhi was released in 1924 he concentrated on communal integrity. In 1930, Gandhi announced a new method of civil noncompliance, declining to pay revenue enhancements, particularly revenue enhancements on salt. This method created the â€Å"Salt March.† Thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from Ahmadabad to the Arabian Sea, where they made salt by vaporizing saltwater. Once more Gandhi was arrested but was released in 1931, halting his methods after the British authorities agreed to some of his demands. In 1932, Gandhi began a new civil noncompliance method against Britain. Gandhi was arrested twice, so fasted for long periods of clip. These fasts were effectual against the British because if Gandhi dies all of India would hold revolted against Britain. In 1934 Gandhi wholly resigned from political relations and was replaced by a leader of the Congress party named Jawaharlal Nehru. Gandhi so travelled across India learning inactive opposition. In 1939, Gandhi returned to political life because of the federation of Indian princedoms with the remainder of India. He so decided he would coerce the swayer of the province to modify his bossy regulation. Gandhi fasted until his demands were met. When World War II broke out, Congress and Gandhi demanded that a declaration of war purposes and their application to India. Due to the unsatisfactory response from the British the party decided non to back up Britain in the war unless the state was granted independency. The British once more refused merely offering via medias, which were rejected by the party. Gandhi was sent to prison in 1942 due to declining to assist Britain in the war even after Japan entered but was released two old ages subsequently enduring from Malaria. By 1944 Britain had about wholly agreed to independence based on one status: that the two patriot groups, the Muslims and the Congress party, should decide their differences. India and Pakistan became separate provinces when the British granted India its independency in 1947. Riot broke out during the re-settling of peoples. Gandhi one time once more fasted until the public violences ceased. Once once more on January 13, 1948, he undertook another successful fast in New Delhi to reconstruct peace. On the twenty-four hours after he stopped his fast, Nathuram Godse, a Hindu overzealous, assassinated him. In decision, Gandhi restored peace clip and clip once more throughout India. His methods were sometimes utmost, yet effectual due to his utmost influence. His decease was regarded as an international calamity, which would be measured in footings of history. His inspiration inspired non-violent motions elsewhere, particularly in Martin Luther King, Jr. Gandhi was a adult male, but acted like a saint. His affects of this were that we can work out jobs with out force.

Unexpected Places To Find Jobs

Unexpected Places To Find Jobs You’re on the job search, so you’ve been hitting up your network and going through online job postings. But you won’t have exhausted all your options unless you’ve tried following these 7 bonus leads. Check out the following 7 unexpected places to find your jobs. 1. Your former bossProvided you parted amicably and you did good work for them, it’s actually a smart move to track down all your old bosses to see what they have to say. (If you burned a bridge, it might even be worth trying to patch it back up now that you’ve both cooled off and you’ve matured?) Maybe they won’t have a job for you, but they might very well have a lead. And they might even be willing to put in a good word.2. Former co-workersIf you haven’t already added all your former coworkers to your network, now’s a good opportunity to fix that. Connect with anyone you worked with directly, plus anyone in other departments or divisions with whom you m ight have had contact. If you don’t know where to find them, try LinkedIn. They might be able to help you out- and you could help them in the future too.3. Companies that didn’t hire youWait, what? No really. If you had a really positive interview process somewhere and didn’t ultimately end up getting the job, but were told to keep in touch- or even just that it was a really tough call and you shouldn’t be discouraged by not getting the job- get in touch now! They’ll appreciate the initiative. And even if they don’t have any openings, they might be willing to point you in the right direction.4. YouTubeThis is less to find a lead and more to get yourself out there so the leads will come to you! Make a video version of your resume and post it to YouTube- or demonstrate a particularly expert skill of yours. Make sure it’s of the highest quality and super professional before putting it online.5. NewspapersIt’s a little bit old-fash ioned, but some companies do put listings in the paper and few job seekers still look for them there. It’s always worth a shot. And while you’re at it, make sure to keep up on all the latest news and business trends relevant to your field. When you do find a lead, you’ll be in a much better position to land the job if you’re up to snuff on what’s going on in your industry and in the world.6. Alumni networksNo matter where you went to school, if you have an alumni organization you haven’t been taking advantage of, now’s the time to change that. Go to alumni group meetings in your city. You never know who you’ll meet. And, bonus! You already have something in common as a conversation starter.7. A career coachYou’ll have to pay for this, but the benefits could far outweigh the cost. Get an expert in your field to help evaluate your eligibility and performance and help steer you through the job search process in your field.7 Unexpected Sources For Job Leads

Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Capitalism - Essay Example Karl Max was a revolutionist during the industrial revolution. He was a socialist that had very peculiar views about capitalism. According to Karl Max capitalism is based on his version of the labour theory of value, and includes the analysis of capitalist profit as the extraction of surplus value from the exploited proletariat (Standord, 2003). Capitalism has evolved a lot over time. The 20th century marked a new era in which the stock market served as a critical mechanism that was used by capitalist to raise money. The two most utilized instruments that Wall Street popularized to raise money was the sale of common stocks and the issuance of corporate bonds. Technological advances enabled capitalist to produce more at lower costs. During the 1980’s a key innovation that sparked a new economic era was the computer. The computers facilitated the work of many professionals both in the manufacturing and service industries. As manufacturing matured in the United States the computer helped the United States transform its economy into a knowledge based service economy. McKinney, B. (2008). Capitalism During the Industrial Revolution. Retrieved November 13, 2011 from

M I B Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

M I B - Essay Example arget markets, and political forces that would affect the organization’s decision to venture abroad; and (3) as long as there are potentials and opportunities in the local market, Wal-Mart wanted to tap these to build enough internal resources and financial capabilities to prepare for international expansion. During the early stages of its international expansion in the 1990s, Wal-Mart predominantly selected countries closest to its geographical location and where the profile of the target market share parallel behavior with those exhibited in the local markets. The first market it expanded to was Mexico, which was located just beyond their border. The rest of the countries were also close geographically, like Puerto Rico and Canada. Expansion to other countries such as Hong Kong, could have considered the nature of expanding markets and the vast opportunities that the target markets from this location could contribute to Wal-Mart’s international growth. The organization could have also considered the incentives provided by the international governments, including tax incentives or subsidies for setting up greenfield investments in these areas. Wal-Mart chooses between acquisitions, greenfield investments and joint ventures on the following grounds: (1) after considering costs of market entry; (2) cultural underpinnings; (3) government incentives and legal laws; (4) human resources expertise and capabilities; (5) familiarity with the environment; and (6) consumer profiles. Under greenfield investments, for example, Wal-Mart decides based on lack of potential targets to be acquired and there are local resources deemed experts to operate the organization. Joint venture, are most appropriate in cases where there has been an identified organization with competencies in the area and both partners could contribute their respective core competencies to result in longer term mutual gains. As indicated by the case facts, â€Å"a joint venture agreement rather than full

Stamp Duty: Policy Evaluation

Stamp Duty: Policy Evaluation EXAMINING STAMP DUTY: AN IDEAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE MACHINE AND A BURDEN TO BRITISH CITIZENS Stamp duty can be a costly part of any number of common transactions in Britain – from buying a home to investing in a U.K. company. In order to truly understand the degree to which this tax impacts a transaction’s bottom line, it is important to understand all the scenarios in which stamp duty is payable as well as determine what type of relief and exemptions are available. Before determining if stamp duty is an ideal tax, it is also vital to gather expert opinions on the various types of stamp duty, the reasons these taxes were created, and how recent changes are affecting British citizens and businesses. While the government may find stamp duty a perfect fulfilment of taxation principles due to its simplicity and the considerable revenue generated, stamp duty seems to be burdensome and impedes the financial success of many residents who dream of homeownership and to those companies who want to increase their market value through the stock exchange system. There are three types of stamp duty: stamp duty, stamp duty land tax, and stamp duty reserve tax. Stamp duty is â€Å"a charge on instruments† (Thomas 2003). Stamp duty is a general term for a tax that is levied on the purchase of shares and on property. While there is a flat rate for the purchase of shares, the rate for property has a range tied to different home purchase price thresholds. Considered a new tax in its own right rather than an offshoot of stamp duty, the stamp duty land tax went into effect on 1 December 2003 (Thomas 2003). This tax is charged to all land transactions whether or not it is actually stamped, or recorded, in a document (Thomas 2003). Included in these transactions are all types of property, including houses, flats, other buildings and land. What it really is considered is a land transaction but it retains the reference to stamp duty to link its activities to the original taxation system (Thomas 2003). The tax must be paid by the person buying the land and it is calculated as a percentage of the total purchase price. No stamp duty land tax is paid on any transaction under  £125,000. One per cent is paid on anything valued between  £125,000 and  £250,000. From  £250,001 to  £500,000, the tax is three per cent and anything valued at  £500,001 is taxed at four per cent (DirectGov 2006). The stamp duty land tax has been â€Å"founded on an entirely new set of concepts† and is â€Å"directly enforceable against the purchaser under a strict new self-assessment regime† (Thomas 2003). While some of the same relief provisions have been carried through from the stamp duty tax, other changes have been made to discourage certain types of transactions. For example, if the purchase price of a property is  £150,000 and the government has designated that area as disadvantaged, no stamp duty land tax is required (DirectGov 2006). Relief provisions that are retained from stamp duty include all the major provisions except that â€Å"group relief, reconstruction and acquisition reliefs, and charities relief† are now designed in a manner that prevents exploitation for â€Å"tax planning purposes† (Thomas 2003). Relief is now available for builders who make purchases in part-exchange as well as for â€Å"transactions not made for chargeable consideration † (Thomas 2003). The stamp land duty tax was designed to achieve a number of purposes. As with any tax, it was created as a way to raise more revenue for the government. The tax does this by stopping the loopholes in the stamp duty that were â€Å"exploited for planning purposes† (Thomas 2003); requiring the purchaser to file a tax return and pay the tax within thirty days of the close of the land transaction (Thomas 2003), and introducing a new upfront levy on the value of the rental stream over the â€Å"full term of the lease instead of on the average annual rent (Thomas 2003). The last of the three types of stamp duty is the stamp duty reserve tax. This tax is paid on any U.K share transactions when a person buys shares in a company that is incorporated in the UK or in a foreign company that maintains a share register in the UK (DirectGov 2006). These shares can be bought through a stockbroker and completed on paper forms or electronically through CREST, the electronic settlement and registration system (DirectGov 2006). The tax is a flat rate of 0.5 per cent based on what is paid for the shares, not what they are worth (DirectGov 2006). A higher rate of 1.5 per cent is paid when shares are transferred into a depository receipt scheme or a clearance service (DirectGov 2006). The fees are paid through the CREST system if a person uses a brokerage but are paid directly if this system is not used (DirectGov 2006). Even if a person does not pay cash but provides something else of value in exchange for the shares, the stamp duty reserve tax is based on the value of what the person gives for those shares (DirectGov 2006). Other situations that require payment of stamp duty reserve tax is when a person buys an option to buy shares, rights arising from shares and an interest in shares (DirectGov 2006).The only time the stamp duty reserve tax does not have to be paid is when shares are given to a person for nothing or a person buys foreign shares. One area where stamp duty revenue tax has been causing some dilemmas is with unit trusts, open-ended investment companies, and the structure of stakeholder pension products. The best example of this is with companies that provide CAT-marked investments: Stamp duty reserve tax arises when investors buy or sell units in the fund, and is generally paid for by the fund. It cannot be forecast accurately in advance, for the ultimate liability will depend on factors beyond the fund managers’ control. Yet this tax must be included in calculating whether charges to investors meet the CAT standard of 1 per cent a year, despite the fact that it is not a charge made by the ISA provider, but a government tax. This has led providers to question the commercial liability implied by offering a CAT-market product (Warland 2000). The net result of the stamp duty reserve tax is that it is â€Å"complex to administer, very difficult for fund investors to understand,† and did raise significant revenue (Warland 2000). It has been argued by the figures within the City of London, including the London Stock Exchange, that stamp duty reserve tax should be scrapped because â€Å"it undermines the competitiveness compared with other financial centres and distorts securities trading† (Wighton 2006). The National Association of Pension Funds says that stamp duty increases transaction costs, which are then passed onto employers (Brown-Humes 2006). Stamp duty reserve tax is also considered controversial because â€Å"it accounts for a greater proportion of overall share transaction costs†¦because broker commissions and other costs have fallen† (Brown-Humes 2006). In looking at the complete stamp duty tax scheme, the changes in the Finance Act of 2003 were intended to bring reform that was considered long overdue as well as infuse the government with much-needed revenue. Prior to that, legislation had been considered outdated and inadequate especially considering the real value that revenue from such a tax could yield (Thomas 2006). Prior to the Finance Act of 2003, the HM Revenue Customs (HMRC)did not have the power to enforce the stamp duty on any transaction that was not properly stamped (Thomas 2006). To the HMRC, â€Å"clamping down on perceived avoidance was the dominant motive for change† (Thomas 2006). To them, it was â€Å"unfair for well-advised taxpayers to avoid paying tax through good planning, as this puts an unfair share of the tax burden onto everyone else† (Thomas 2006). From this philosophy was born the most recent stamp duty requirements. In looking at the principles of taxation, stamp duty is ideal in that it is â€Å"easy to administer and collect† (Brown-Humes 2006). To everyone else outside of the government, the tax is considered less than ideal. As one of the most hotly debated government schemes and deemed a tax on the masses (Barrow 2006), it has been acknowledged by the chancellor that stamp duty land tax does place a burden on the average British citizen. According to figures released in May 2006, stamp duty is raking in revenues of  £1 billion per month (Barrow 2006) between residential and commercial transactions as well as share investment. These figures far surpass any tax amount ever demanded from citizens in Britain’s history (Barrow 2006). . In fact, one writer went as far as to say that the stamp duty has been one of the most lucrative stealth taxes developed by New Labour (O’Kelly 2006). As one economist noted, â€Å"We have now got to the level where it is hitting mainstream home-owners. It’s only going to get worse† (Barrow 2006). According to Halifax, Britain’s biggest mortgage lender, 2.6 million homeowners had to pay stamp duty land tax (Barrow 2006). That equates to fiv e out of six homeowners feeling this burden (Barrow 2006). Another way to slice and dice the figure comes from the Council of Mortgage Lenders. They found that 55 per cent of first-time buyers and 86 per cent of home-movers paid the tax in September. The government has retorted that there are a number of relief provisions in place. It was recently announced that new – no pre-existing dwellings – that are considered â€Å"zero-carbon† homes sill be completely exempt from stamp duty (Goff and Harvey 2006). While attractive to new homeowners, this is not very realistic as many first-time buyers are not prepared to inhabit in such a revolutionary dwelling or they live in an area where there is not enough renewable energy to power these homes (Goff and Harvey 2006). Another move intended to decrease the burden was the announcement last year to increase the threshold at which stamp duty is triggered (Batchelor 2006). As one finance expert noted, â€Å"If stamp duty had kept pace with rising house prices since 1993 the threshold would have been set at  £190,000† instead of  £125,000 (Batchelor 2006). It seems as if the rising house prices are making the new threshold rate seem ineffective as a relief. As Matthew Wyles of the Portman Building Society said, â€Å"Stamp duty continues to be a deeply unfair tax to all who pay it. The burden of this tax will continue to increase unless the government undertakes a radical alteration to its policy in this area and abandons its current strategy of making the occasional cosmetic tweak to the threshold to keep criticism at bay† (Houlder 2006). The chancellor decided to end â€Å"seeding relief,† which was intended to help on â€Å"transfers of property into a unit trust with immediate effect† (Batchelor 2006). Revenue from taking away this relief is expected to raise  £50 million annually (Batchelor 2006). Recent changes also involved not making partnerships that are involved in a trade or profession responsible for stamp duty for land transactions owned by that partnership (Batchelor 2006). It seems as though the government could still use this lucrative tax to levy sellers instead of buyers since it is usually the sellers who are involved in investment schemes. It might even make sense to still gain this revenue from non-residents who tend to speculate in the property market, making home ownership less feasible for the first-time resident buyer (O’Kelly 2006). While it may seem like an ideal tax in the minds of the government and a solution to stopping investors from exploiting the system, it certainly does nothing to help citizens who are already struggling to buy a home let alone pay the stamp duty required on the transaction. Recent announcements to raise interest rates alongside the intense housing price inflation only exacerbate a domestic problem that has been brewing for as long as the stamp duty policies have existed. Homeownership and investment should not create a financial burden for citizens in Britain because the government wants to resort to an overuse of its taxation powers. The concern, however, is that if stamp duty was ever scrapped and the government continued to overspend, whatever tax scheme replaced stamp duty might be a jump from the frying pan into the fire. REFERENCES Barrow, Becky 23 May 2006, Stamp Duty Rakes in  £1bn a Month, Daily Mail. Batchelor, Charles 23 March 2006, Stamp Duty, Financial Times. Brown-Humes, Christopher 21 October 2006, Stamp Duty’s Hidden Benefit: It’s the Devil-you-know Tax, Financial Times. DIRECTGOV 2006, Tax on Buying Shares, Available at: http://www.direct.gov.uk/MoneyTaxAndBenefits/Taxes/TaxOnSavingsAndInvestments/TaxOnSavingsAndInvestmentsArticles/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=10013514chk=Tac6CP. Goff, Sharlene and Harvey, Fiona 9 December 2006, Exemption from Stamp Duty Seen as Token Gesture, Financial Times. Houlder, Vanessa 7 September 2006, Amount Paid in Stamp Duty Up 30%, Financial Times. O’Kelly, Sebastian 12 March 2006, How Brown is Still Coining It with His Unfair Stamp Duty; the Chancellor is Milking Homebuyers. But Shouldn’t His Stealth Tax Target Sellers Instead? The Mail on Sunday, p. 13. Thomas, Michael 2003, Introduction to Stamp Duty Land Tax, Cambridge University Press. Thomas, Michael March 2006, Stamp Duty Land Tax, 2nd Edition, London: Cambridge University Press. Warland, Phillip 17 February 2000, How Stamp Duty Reserve Tax Threatens Low-Cost Savings, Financial Times. Wighton, David 27 July 2006, Balls Faces Calls to Scrap Stamp Duty, Financial Times. Clinical Psychology: History, Influences and Applications Clinical Psychology: History, Influences and Applications Myrto Giannakopoulou â€Å"Each student is expected to select info and produce an information pack targeted at a field/career of his/her interest in Psychology (e.g. Clinical Psychology, Educational Psychology, Cognitive Psychology – for example, you can select information via observing or/and interviewing a professional [preferable] or secondary reading). The above package will be accompanied by an academic, reflective essay supporting the choice above (e.g. explain your interest on this scientific area of Psychology, describe the basic issues of the professional’s interest in this field, refer to the basic taught psychological terms and concepts that you noticed to this scientific area, etc.)†. Nowadays, applied psychology has four main sub-categories which are clinical, educational, occupational/industrial and criminological/legal. Clinical psychology refers to treating emotional and behavioral disorders. Educational psychologists work with children and adolescents and their families and they give more importance in the efficacy of teaching and learning methods. Occupational psychology is applied into workplaces in order to improve the productivity of the employees and to increase the levels of job satisfaction. Criminological psychology is involved in the criminal and legal system and facilities such as prisons and courts or the police force. It has two branches, forensic and investigative psychology. In this project we are going to analyze the field of Clinical psychology. Clinical Psychology is a part of applied Psychology and it focuses on the treatment and understanding of behavioral and psychological problems. Clinical psychology is often confused with psychiatry because clinical psychologists also work with people with mental disorders and they use the same methods of therapies. Their difference is that psychiatrists can give medicine, thus clinical psychologists are forbidden to do so. Clinical psychology was developed in 1896, when Lightner Witmer, who is regarded as the father of Clinical psychology, established the first psychological clinic in the University of Pennsylvania. The clients of Witmers clinic were children with learning difficulties and with behavioural disorders. Next, in 1904 Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon created the Binet-Simon scale which is a test that can identify children with mental disablement and children with normal mentality and it influenced the development of clinical psychology in USA. Witmer denied the helpfulness of this scale and this is why he disappeared from the scene of clinical psychology. Later, in the early 20s, the psychiatrist William Healy established the Juvenile Psychopathic Institute, the worlds first child guidance clinic. Additionally, Healy in his clinic used the Binet-Simon scale for the children and adapted Freuds theory for the unconventional behaviour. Clinical psychology has been influenced from human physiology. For example, the term psychopathology includes the words pathology (disease) and psyche, which means that mental disorders have a biological basis. In other words, a mental disorder is considered as a dysfunction in the physiology of a person that appears in his behaviour. According to the medicine, the causes of a mental disorder are separated in three general categories: the infectious diseases (e.g. encephalitis which is an inflammation of the brain and its symptoms are familiar with those of dementia, such as memory loss), diseases that are related with the dysfunction of a human organ (e.g. diabetes) and traumatic diseases that arise from external or environmental causes (e.g. a hit in the head can cause cerebral hemorrhage and can also provoke problems in behavior such as coma, memory loss, and personality disorder). Clinical psychologists do more than talk to people who are distressed about personal matter. They often do different types of activities from teaching to psychotherapy to laboratory research and this is why they need to have a special training program in clinical psychology. After obtaining their degree, they can apply for a master course in clinical psychology, which usually lasts three years and at the same time do their apprenticeship, in order to gain experience in their field. Furthermore, research is the basis of all clinical psychology activities. Research programs, help to understand which approach could be more effective for a clinical problem such as depression, anxiety, eating, or panic disorders, personality disorders, phobias, etc. They can also focus on various populations like families, couples, ethnic minority groups such as gay, lesbians, etc. Although not all of the clinical psychologists are involved with research, they should be informed about other researches, in order to improve their own clinical work. Most of them use various tests or questionnaires to help them to their work or to their research. These tests have many measures, such as cognitive, behavioral, neuropsychological etc. On the other hand, in research there are certain problems. The most important is the fact that the researchers and the participants are human and the results are not solid, because the participants behave in a different way than their ordinary life, for example they are too defensive because they try to hide their thoughts from the researchers or they behave too normal, because they know how the experiment works. This happens because the participants are part of the society and n this way they try to be socially accepted and it is known as the Hawthorn effect. Despite all that, psychologists try to use multiple ways of reducing such effects, for example by using double-blind questionnaires. Another important practice that is used in the fields of Psychology is the Evidence-based practice (EBP). It is a process that involves â€Å"the conscientious, explicit, judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients† (Sackett, Rosenberg, Gray, Haynes, Richardson, 1996). Specifically, this practice gives to therapists a general guidance for addressing any given disorder in the best possible manner, based on research that they can use, but even if they don’t follow it to the letter is not wrong as long as they act in accordance to their professional experience. Although, it must be pointed out that these guidelines are general and do not take into account each person’s individuality and uniqueness. Another approach to EBP is the Ideograpdic one that takes into account each individual person and its singularity and is used by most health professions. Furthermore, there are three circles of Evidence Based Clinical practice, also known as the† three -legged stool†. The first circle represents the best available research proof, the second circle represents clinical expertness and finally the third circle includes the patient values, the preferences, the characteristics and the circumstances. Those three have to be combine in order to achieve the best clinical practice. Overall, Clinical Psychology is a complex field that parallels the complexity of human behavior and emotion and it combines and links human behaviour to stimulus created by people external environment such as everyday human relationships and interactions, health etc, and it explains the way it affects us. References: Barker M. (2003). Introductory Psychology: History, Themes and Perpectives, Crucial Kendall D., C., Norton Ford J., D. (1982). Clinical Psychology: Scientific and professional dimensions. New York: J. Wiley. Plante T., G., (2005). Contemporary Clinical Psychology, New Jersey: J. Wiley Sons, Inc. Sackett, D. L., Wennberg, J. E. (1997). Choosing the best research design for each question. British Medical Journal, 315, 1636. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol (2007). Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Psychology: What It Is, Why It Matters; What You Need to Know. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 611-631

Mythology: Edith Hamilton Archetypes Essay

In the myth of Dionysus there isn’t exactly a conflict between two sides of people battling for good or evil, its more as a battle between the two sides of Dionysus’ inner self. Unlike most examples of good versus evil, there isn’t a triumphant side. Just the personality switches between Dionysus being the joy-god or the heartless, savage, brutal-god. The reason for this change is due to the fact that he is the vine god; Wine is bad as well as good. He’d bring up peoples hopes and make them believe that they were capable of anything, but once they were sober again or they became drunk, you could see his dark side begin to arise. The hopefulness would fade and then you could see the people transition into darkness. Symbolic Archetype: Water versus Desert In the story of Dionysus, there’s a part where he comes across a crew from a pirate ship in Greece by the sea. The sailors tried to capture him and saw him as a mortal, rather than the son of a god. In the end, Dionysus turned into a lion and turned all but one of the sailors into dolphins and sent them into the ocean. At this point in the story it shows the first glimpse at Dionysus’ ruthless side, almost as if they’re using this scene in the book at the birth of his â€Å"second side†, setting up the second view point of Dionysus’ personality for future conflicts. Character Archetype: The Outcast In the myth, Dionysus was born in Thebes, he was the son of Zeus and Theban princess Semele- he was the only god whose parents were not both immortal. Before Dionysus’ birth he was snatched from his mother and hidden by Zeus’ side, almost as if he was ashamed by Dionysus. Dionysus was passed from person to person, his mother, Zeus, Hermes, and then to the nymphs of Nysa to be raised. As he became a man, Dionysus became a wanderer, wandering far to weird and strange places. Throughout his life he was often shunned  because many didn’t see him to be as he was- a god. They treated him as a lesser being and in the majority of the myth he is set on proving that he is mighty and punishing those who face him with disbelief. Part Two: Stories of Love and Adventure Chosen Myth: Cupid and Psyche Situational Archetype: The Task Psyche was repeatedly put through seemingly impossible tests by Venus, such as sorting seeds, fetching golden wool, and going to the underworld to ask Proserpine for a box of her beauty. Venus put her through these unruly tasks in hopes to keep Psyche away from her son. But on the other hand, Psyche only completed these tasks due to the fact that she thought it would bring her to her love, Cupid. In the end, Cupid and Psyches love prevailed and Psyches ultimate goal of being with her husband was completed. Symbolic Archetype: Light versus Darkness The battle between light versus darkness can be seen when Psyche and Cupid are together in the cave with each other. Although to Cupid the darkness represented trust and faithfulness in his and Psyches relationship, to Psyche the darkness represented the unknown and fear of her husband being a serpent rather than the son of Venus. When Psyche was about to attack Cupid in the cave, she brought the factor of light into their relationship with the use of the candle. To Psyche, this use of light â€Å"confirmed her love† in the relationship, but also brought along the realization that she had upset Cupid with her lack of trust in the relationship. So all in all the battle of light versus darkness was really a battle of trust. Character Archetype: The Star-Crossed Lovers Unlike the play, Romeo and Juliet, Psyche and Cupid’s love affair didn’t end in tragedy, like the beginning of the myth would lead you to believe. In the myth, Venus’ followers began to shrink and more of the attention from her followers were focused upon Psyche because she was more beautiful than Venus. Venus ordered her son Cupid to make Psyche fall in love with pretty much a scumbag, but instead Cupid fell in love it Psyche. When they were  together Cupid hid himself from Psyche because he knew the repercussions that their love could have. They were two people destined to not be together with every obstacle in their way, but in the end they made it work. Part Three: The Great Heroes before the Trojan War Chosen Myth: Perseus Situational Archetype: Supernatural Intervention On Perseus’ journey for Medusa’s head it was very much expected that he would fail and die, which was Polydectes goal. But in the end he prevailed and completed the mission, due to the fact that he had the luck and support of the Gods on his side. Throughout his voyage he was aided by the support of Hermes and Athena. This can be seen in Perseus’ use of Athena’s shield and Hermes’ sword that he used to attack Medusa. Also, without the help of Hermes, Perseus wouldn’t have been able to find the nymphs of the North, whose gifts (winged sandals, magic wallet, and an invisible cap) also aided him in the defeat of Medusa. Symbolic Archetype: The Whirlpool In the beginning of the myth, Perseus’ grandfather, King Acrisius, was told by a priestess that his daughter would have a son and that her son would kill him. So Acrisius goes out of his way to rid himself of his daughter. He locks her in a castle in hopes that she won’t come across other people and become pregnant. Once he finds out that his daughter does have a son, Perseus, he locks them both into a chest and throws them into the sea. And even though King Acrisius goes through all of this to avoid his death, he learns that fate is unavoidable. In the end Perseus still kills him but rather on accident, not like Acrisius had imagined. So no matter what you do to avoid fate, it’ll happen. Character Archetype: The hero/heroine Throughout Perseus’ journey for Medusa’s head he experienced fluctuations in his motives for the head. He didn’t set himself onto the path of killing Medusa to be a hero, he did it in hopes of making Polydectes happy and giving his mother a nice engagement gift. But when he came back to the  island after the mission and realized that it was in shambles, he used the gifts he got from the gods and Medusa’s head to bring happiness to the island. By turning Polydectes and his followers into stone he freed the people and rid them of their tyrant leader. Thus becoming the hero to the islanders. Part Four: The Heroes of the Trojan War Chosen Myth: The Trojan war Situational Archetype: The Unhealable Wound In the Trojan War the unhelable wound represents both physical and psychological wounds. The first was the start of all of the rest, the kidnapping of Helen from Menelaus, her father, by Aphrodite and Paris. The loss of his daughter brought an unbelievable amount of pain onto the King, driving him to drastic measures, such as war. Also, this archetype can be seen in the sacrificing of Iphigenia, the eldest daughter of the Commander in Chief, Agamemnon. By having to kill his own beloved daughter it brought grief upon him that would linger throughout the war. When the Greek ships reached the rivers of Troy there was a man named Protesilaus, he was the first man to leap ashore, and also the first man to die. His wife, Laodamia, was so sickened with sadness at the loss of her husband that she killed herself just so she could go to the underworld with him; Showing that she felt that she could never be happy without her husband. Another example is when the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon sparked over Agamemnon’s prize of honor, Chryseis. Agamemnon’s prize of honor had to be returned and then he ordered his men to steal Briseis, Achilles’ prize of honor. Achilles became so upset over the turning of his own men that he spent his days in his tent wrapped in sorrow. Throughout this myth there were countless of other examples of unhelable wounds like the loss of Hector, the relationships between the gods, the loss of Patroclus, and the abuse of Hectors dead body. Symbolic Archetype: Haven versus Wilderness This archetype can be seen in the comparison of the war versus taking refuge in the tents. You’d think after Achilles’ prize of honor taken away from him and he stayed back at camp rather than fighting in the war that his  haven would be the tents and the wilderness would be the war. But it was just the opposite of that. When Achilles was in the tents he was consumed with despair. When he finally got vengeance for Patroclus death, he was himself once again. Bringing him back into battle made him whole again and brought balance back to the war. Character Archetype: The Damsel in Distress The Trojan War was centered around two sides, the Greeks and the Trojans, fighting over one person- Helen. Helen was the fairest woman in the world, and Paris was promised her as his wife by Aphrodite. The problem with that being that the role of Helen’s husband was already being championed off by her father, Menelaus, to powerful families in the area. Paris was then responsible for kidnapping Helen, thus causing Menelaus to call the Greeks together and start a war with the Trojans to save the damsel in distress, his daughter. In the view of Menelaus, the heroes were the Greeks fighting to save his daughter and the villains were the Trojans. Part Five: The Great Families of Mythology Chosen Myth: The Royal House of Thebes Situational Archetype: The Fall In the start of the city of Thebes, it was blessed with prosperity and wisdom by the gods, but by its â€Å"end† it had experienced some of the worst hardships known to man. When Cadmus and Harmonia, the founders of Thebes, fled from the city to Illyria, the couple was turned into serpents by the gods. They were turned due to their fate, not because of punishment. Their fate was proof of that the innocent suffered as much as the guilty. They turned from the rulers of a great city into serpents. This archetype is also seen in the sub story of Oedipus. In the beginning Oedipus kills the Sphinx and is then made the King of Thebes. In the end, after the truth is revealed about his life, he begins a transition from light to darkness. He becomes blind and then his uncle/brother in law and his sons expel him from the city and he lives the rest of his life in penalty for crimes he wasn’t aware he was committing. Symbolic Archetype: Numbers In the House of Thebes you repeatedly see the use of numbers in the work, such as the numbers five and seven. The number seven is seen in the amount of champions that attack the gates and the seven champions that protect it. The number seven represents the completion of the cycle, and throughout the myth the importance of the seven is burying the seven dead warrior’s bodies. By burying their bodies it brings peace to the community and restores the balance. Character Archetype: Young person from the provinces The hero, Oedipus, was separated from his family as an infant because an oracle had told his father that someday his son would kill him. He was raised away from Thebes, by King Polybus in Corinth. As an adult Oedipus returned to Thebes and overnight became their hero. In Thebes there was an issue with a Sphinx, and for the Sphinx to surrender and kill herself a riddle had to be solved. Seeing the riddle in a new light, Oedipus solved the riddle and freed the people of Thebes from the Sphinx. They made Oedipus their king and for quite some time he ruled the area peacefully. Part Six: The Less Important Myths Chosen Myth: Midas- And Others Situational Archetype: The Initiation In the myth about Pomona, all she cares about are her fruits and orchids. Rather than her coming to a realization about her problems, she came to a realization about love. No matter the man, she was never interested in them because she felt that her plants were enough. She encountered the epiphany when Vertumnus finally revealed his true identity after kissing her and telling her how much he loved her. Once she saw him in the light of who he really was she saw her calling, to be with him and garden together. Symbolic Archetype: The Crossroads The Danaids were the daughters of Danaus, and in the myth his fifty daughters were being forced to marry their 50 cousins, Danaus’ brother, Aegyptus’, fifty sons. Throughout the myth they sisters were trying to avoid  marrying their cousins, but at some point the wedding between them arrived. The crossroads, symbolizes their fathers decision to tell the girls to kill their husbands after they got married. Because of this decision all but one of his daughters were sentenced to life in hell. And Danaus punished the one daughter who didn’t follow his orders. Because of this one choice the daughters fate was changed forever. Character Archetype: The Temptress Usually when you think of a temptress you imagine a hero falling for a girl, and then the girl is the source of his wrong doings, almost as if she urged him to do it. But in this case, it was a little different. Glaucus was a fisherman who was then turned intoa sea-god. Glaucus was in love with a nymph, Scylla. He did everything in his power to try and make her love him. But one day, he went to Circe for a love potion in hopes that it’d make the wonderful Scylla fall for him. But instead, Circe fell in love with him and used a vile of potion to turn Scylla into a monster. So because of Scylla’s beauty and Glaucus’ love for her, his downfall was the jealousy of others centered around love. It’s almost as if you combined Circe and Scylla’s characters into one and it’d form the perfect temptress. Part Seven: The Mythology of Norsemen Chosen Myth: The Stories of Signy and Sigurd Situational Archetype: The Quest Brynhild was a Valkyrie that was punished and put to sleep until some man shall crawl through the flaming fire and awake her. Brynhild wanted a man that was brave to rescue her and the man responsible for that was Sigurd, the son of Sigmund. He completes the journey of having to make his way through the flames with his horse. Once he reaches his end goal, awakening Brynhild, she gives herself to him because he had proved his worthiness and bravery through awakening her. Symbolic Archetype: Fire versus ice In the myth, fire is a reoccurring element. It first shows up when Signy’s children and husband are being burned and she allows herself to burn to  death. It pops up again Brinhild’s couch is surrounded with fire, a task for Sigurd to save her from. And again when Gudrun kills herself and prays to be laid on her husbands funeral pyre. So as you can see, fire is very much linked to life, rebirth, and death. Rebirth and death in the first scenario, birth of opportunities and love in the second, and death in the third. Character Archetype: Hunting Group of Companions Signy made such an effort to make sure she remained close to her family†¦.extremely close. She had a child with her brother, Sinfiotli. The three of them were most often very close together, a close knit family. Through their plans of revenge to avenge the dead they completed the deeds with one another. They were very support of one another and loving.